[PDF] Topology optimization of flexoelectric metamaterials with apparent piezoelectricity-论文阅读讨论-ReadPaper

摘要

The flexoelectric effect, coupling polarization and strain gradient as wellas strain and electric field gradients, is universal to dielectrics, but, ascompared to piezoelectricity, it is more difficult to harness as it requiresfield gradients and it is a small-scale effect. These drawbacks can be overcomeby suitably designing metamaterials made of a non-piezoelectric base materialbut exhibiting apparent piezoelectricity. We develop a theoretical andcomputational framework to perform topology optimization of the representativevolume element of such metamaterials by accurately modeling the governingequations of flexoelectricity using a Cartesian B-spline method, describinggeometry with a level set, and resorting to genetic algorithms foroptimization. We consider a multi-objective optimization problem where areafraction competes with four fundamental piezoelectric functionalities(stress/strain sensor/ actuator). We computationally obtain Pareto fronts, anddiscuss the different geometries depending on the apparent piezoelectriccoefficient being optimized. In general, we find competitive estimations ofapparent piezoelectricity as compared to reference materials such as quartz andPZT ceramics. This opens the possibility to design devices for sensing,actuation and energy harvesting from a much wider, cheaper and effective classof materials.

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