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Fractionalized Excitations Probed by Ultrasound

A. HauspurgS. ZherlitsynT. Helm ...+7 Natalia B. Perkins
Mar 2023
摘要
In this work, we study magnetoelastic interactions by means of ultrasoundexperiments in $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ -- a prototypical material for the Kitaev spinmodel on the honeycomb lattice, with a possible spin-liquid state featuringMajorana fermions and $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-flux excitations. We present results ofthe temperature and in-plane magnetic-field dependence of the sound velocityand sound attenuation for several longitudinal and transverse phonon modespropagating along high-symmetry crystallographic directions. A comprehensivedata analysis above the ordered state provides strong evidence of phononscattering by Majorana fermions. This scattering depends sensitively on thevalue of the phonon velocities relative to the characteristic velocity of thelow-energy fermionic excitations describing the spin dynamics of the underlyingKitaev magnet. Moreover, our data displays a distinct reduction of anisotropyof the sound attenuation, consistent with randomization, generated by thermallyexcited $\mathbb{Z}_2$ visons. We demonstrate the potential of phonon dynamicsas a promising probe for uncovering fractionalized excitations in$\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ and provide new insights into the $H$-$T$ phase diagram ofthis material.
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