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# Prospects for measuring the longitudinal particle distribution of cosmic-ray air showers with SKA

...+16
Mar 2023

We explore the possibilities of measuring the longitudinal profile ofindividual air showers beyond $X_{\rm max}$ when using very dense radio arrayssuch as SKA. The low-frequency part of the Square Kilometre Array, to be builtin Australia, features an enormous antenna density of about $50,000$ antennasin the inner core region of radius 500 m, with a frequency band from 50 to 350MHz. From CoREAS simulations, a SKA-Low antenna model plus noise contributions,and adapted LOFAR analysis scripts, we obtain a resolution in the showermaximum $X_{\rm max}$ and energy that is considerably better than at LOFAR.Already from this setup, we show that at least one additional parameter of thelongitudinal profile can be measured. This would improve mass compositionanalysis by measuring an additional composition-dependent quantity. Moreover,it would offer an opportunity to discriminate between the different predictionsof hadronic interaction models, hence contributing to hadronic physics atenergy levels beyond man-made accelerators.

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